Exam question 1 · More record-breakers and oddballs: sloth, narwhal, chamele…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the slowness of the sloth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: slowness

This is exam question 1 of lesson 45 «More record-breakers and oddballs: sloth, narwhal, chameleon, electric eel, giraffe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 slowness	det
10	slowness	slowness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 sloth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sloth	det
13	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 slowness	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the slowness of the sloth				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It conserves the little energy afforded by a diet of leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 conserves	nsubj
2	conserves	conserve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 energy	det
4	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 energy	amod
5	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conserves	obj
6	afforded	afford	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 energy	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 diet	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 diet	det
9	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 afforded	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 leaves	case
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 diet	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conserve	present	It	the little energy					tree rules
2	afford	participle		the little energy not said here				by a diet of leaves	tree rules

Option 2

It is caused by an inability to sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 caused	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 inability	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 inability	det
6	inability	inability	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 sleep	mark
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 caused	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	a inability	It					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	sleep	to-infinitive	a inability not said here						vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It results from the weight of algae accumulated in the fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 results	nsubj
2	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 weight	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 weight	det
5	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 results	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 algae	case
7	algae	alga	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 weight	nmod
8	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 algae	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 fur	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fur	det
11	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 accumulated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accumulate	participle		algae not said here		the fur			vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It is a consequence of idleness without biological purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 consequence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 consequence	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 consequence	det
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 idleness	case
6	idleness	idleness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consequence	nmod
7	without	without	ADP	_	9 purpose	case
8	biological	biological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 purpose	amod
9	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consequence	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a consequence				of idleness; without biological purpose	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/45-sloth-narwhal-chameleon-eel-giraffe/e1/