Exam question 2 · More record-breakers and oddballs: sloth, narwhal, chamele…

Identify the principal nature of the tusk of the narwhal.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: principal nature

This is exam question 2 of lesson 45 «More record-breakers and oddballs: sloth, narwhal, chameleon, electric eel, giraffe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 nature	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 nature	amod
4	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 tusk	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tusk	det
7	tusk	tusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nature	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 narwhal	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 narwhal	det
10	narwhal	narwhal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tusk	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal nature of the tusk of the narwhal					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent nature=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a horn arising from the centre of the forehead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 horn	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 horn	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 horn	det
4	horn	horn	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 horn	acl
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 centre	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 centre	det
8	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 arising	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 forehead	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 forehead	det
11	forehead	forehead	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 centre	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a horn					tree rules
2	arise	gerund	a horn not said here			the centre of the forehead			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is a modified fin of hardened skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fin	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fin	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fin	det
4	modified	modify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 fin	amod
5	fin	fin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 skin	case
7	hardened	harden	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 skin	amod
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fin	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	modify	participle				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	is a	present	It	a modified fin	of hardened skin	tree rules
3	harden	participle				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It is a bone of the nose extended forward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bone	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bone	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bone	det
4	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 nose	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 nose	det
7	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bone	nmod
8	extended	extend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bone	acl
9	forward	forward	ADV	_	8 extended	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a bone				of the nose	tree rules
2	extend	participle		a bone not said here				forward property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is a tooth, usually the left upper canine, protruding in a spiral through the lip

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tooth	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tooth	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tooth	det
4	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 canine	punct
6	usually	usually	ADV	_	10 canine	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 canine	det
8	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 canine	amod
9	upper	upper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 canine	amod
10	canine	canine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tooth	appos
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 protruding	punct
12	protruding	protrude	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 canine	acl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 spiral	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 spiral	det
15	spiral	spiral	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 protruding	obl
16	through	through	ADP	_	18 lip	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 lip	det
18	lip	lip	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 protruding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a tooth					tree rules
2	protrude	gerund	the left upper canine not said here			a spiral		through the lip	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in spiral=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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