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Test 9 · More record-breakers and oddballs: sloth, narwhal, chamele…

A chameleon is cold in the early morning. What colour change helps it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: chameleon, colour change · What happens: be, help · To what, where: chameleon

This is test 9 of lesson 45 «More record-breakers and oddballs: sloth, narwhal, chameleon, electric eel, giraffe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A chameleon is cold in the early morning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chameleon	det
2	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cold	cop
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 morning	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 morning	det
7	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 morning	amod
8	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 cold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a chameleon				morning	cold property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What colour change helps it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	3 change	det
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	compound
3	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 helps	nsubj
4	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 helps	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	what colour change	chameleon					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Turning darker to soak up more sunlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Turning	xcomp
3	to	to	PART	_	4 soak	mark
4	soak	soak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Turning	advcl
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 soak	compound:prt
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 sunlight	amod
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 soak	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund						dark property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	soak up	to-infinitive		more sunlight					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent sunlight=Source

Option 2

Turning bright green to hide from birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turning	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 green	nsubj
2	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 green	amod
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 hide	mark
5	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 green	advcl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 birds	case
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hide	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	hide	to-infinitive						from birds	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from bird=Beneficiary

Option 3

Turning see-through

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Turning	advcl
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 through	punct
4	through	thorough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 see	compound

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	see	infinitive							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Turning white to stay cool

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Turning	xcomp
3	to	to	PART	_	4 stay	mark
4	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Turning	advcl
5	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stay	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund						white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	stay	to-infinitive						cool property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/45-sloth-narwhal-chameleon-eel-giraffe/t9/