Exam question 3 · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the hoverfly.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, hoverfly

This is exam question 3 of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hoverfly	det
11	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the hoverfly		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hoverfly=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It bears a wasp's colouring but cannot sting, an instance of mimicry

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bears	nsubj
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 wasp	det
4	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 colouring	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 wasp	case
6	colouring	colouring	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bears	nmod
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 sting	cc
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 sting	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 sting	advmod
10	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 colouring	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 instance	punct
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 instance	det
13	instance	instance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bears	conj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 mimicry	case
15	mimicry	mimicry	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 instance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sting	can							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	instance			mimicry					nom instance «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It is a beetle which hovers by means of four wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 beetle	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 beetle	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 beetle	det
4	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 means	nsubj
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 hovers	nsubj
6	hovers	hover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 beetle	acl:relcl
7	by	by	ADP	_	6 hovers	obl
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 wings	case
10	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 wings	nummod
11	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a beetle		tree rules
2	hover	present	a beetle			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	mean	present	a beetle		of four wings	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is a bee which has lost its colouring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bee	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bee	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bee	det
4	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 lost	nsubj:pass
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lost	aux
7	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bee	acl:relcl
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 colouring	nmod:poss
9	colouring	colouring	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lost	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a bee					tree rules
2	lose	present · perfect · passive		a bee					tree rules

Option 4

It is a species of wasp possessing an exceptionally powerful sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 species	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 species	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 wasp	case
6	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 species	nmod
7	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 wasp	acl
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sting	det
9	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV	_	10 powerful	advmod
10	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sting	amod
11	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a species				of wasp	tree rules
2	possess	gerund	wasp not said here	a powerful sting					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sting=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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