Test 9 · ★★ · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

«the dog killed the opossum, it's lying there with its tongue out» What could be going on?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dog · What happens: kill, lie out, go on · To what, where: opossum

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 killed	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 dog	det
3	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 killed	nsubj
4	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 opossum	det
6	opossum	opossum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 killed	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 lying	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 lying	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 lying	aux
10	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 killed	advcl
11	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 lying	advmod
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 tongue	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 tongue	nmod:poss
14	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lying	obl
15	out	out	ADP	_	10 lying	compound:prt
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 killed	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	20 going	nsubj
18	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 going	aux
19	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	20 going	aux
20	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 killed	ccomp
21	on	on	ADP	_	20 going	compound:prt
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 killed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	kill in a quote	past	the dog	the opossum			tree rules
2	lie out in a quote	present · progressive	dog		there	with dog's tongue	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	go on	could · progressive					vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It may be playing dead and get up when the dog leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 playing	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 playing	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 playing	aux
4	playing	play	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 playing	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 get	cc
7	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 playing	conj
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 get	compound:prt
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 leaves	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dog	det
11	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 leaves	compound
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 get	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	may · progressive	It					dead property	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	get up	infinitive		dog leaves					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

It is sleeping because it is tired

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sleeping	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sleeping	aux
3	sleeping	sleep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 tired	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 tired	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 tired	cop
7	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sleeping	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present · progressive	It						vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	it					tired property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is cooling down by panting with its tongue out, like a dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 cooling	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cooling	aux
3	cooling	cool	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 cooling	compound:prt
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 panting	mark
6	panting	pant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 cooling	advcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 tongue	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 tongue	nmod:poss
9	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 panting	obl
10	out	out	ADV	_	6 panting	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 dog	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	14 dog	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 dog	det
14	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cooling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool down	present · progressive	It					like a dog	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	pant	gerund						with its tongue; out property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is definitely dead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 dead	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dead	cop
3	definitely	definitely	ADV	_	4 dead	advmod
4	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					dead, definitely property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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