Test 11 · ★★ · Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents
An elephant and a mouse both give birth to live babies. Why does the elephant take so long?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: elephant · What happens: give, take · To what, where: birth, live babies
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 49 «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: An elephant and a mouse both give birth to live babies.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 give | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 mouse | cc |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 mouse | det |
| 5 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 elephant | conj |
| 6 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 7 give | cc:preconj |
| 7 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 give | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 babies | case |
| 10 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 babies | amod |
| 11 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 give | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 give | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present | a elephant and a mouse | birth | live babies | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why does the elephant take so long?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 take | advmod |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 take | aux |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 elephant | det |
| 4 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 take | nsubj |
| 5 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 7 long | advmod |
| 7 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 take | advmod |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 take | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present · do-support | the elephant | long property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1
Elephants forget they are pregnant
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 forget | nsubj |
| 2 | forget | forget | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 pregnant | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 pregnant | cop |
| 5 | pregnant | pregnant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 forget | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forget | present | Elephants | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is | present | Elephants = elephant | pregnant property | tree rules |
Option 2
It is the same time as a mouse
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 time | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 time | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 time | det |
| 4 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 time | amod |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 mouse | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 mouse | det |
| 8 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 time | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | the same time | as a mouse | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
A big animal with a big brain needs a long time to grow
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 animal | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 animal | amod |
| 3 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 needs | nsubj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 brain | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 brain | det |
| 6 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 brain | amod |
| 7 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 animal | nmod |
| 8 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 time | det |
| 10 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 time | amod |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 needs | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 grow | mark |
| 13 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 time | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | a big animal with a big brain | time | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | grow | to-infinitive | a big animal with a big brain not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Elephant babies sleep for most of it and so grow very slowly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 babies | compound |
| 2 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sleep | nsubj |
| 3 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 most | case |
| 5 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 sleep | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 it | case |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 most | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 grow | cc |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 grow | advmod |
| 10 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sleep | conj |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 slowly | advmod |
| 12 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 10 grow | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | present | Elephant babies | for most of it | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | grow | infinitive | Elephant babies not said here | slowly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/49-babies/t11/