Test 10 · How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry

Why might the swallowtail caterpillar change its disguise when it grows bigger?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: swallowtail caterpillar, caterpillar · What happens: change, grow · To what, where: disguise

This is test 10 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 change	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 change	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 caterpillar	det
4	swallowtail	swallowtail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caterpillar	compound
5	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 change	nsubj
6	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 grows	advcl
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 disguise	nmod:poss
8	disguise	disguise	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 change	obj
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 grows	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 grows	nsubj
11	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 grows	xcomp
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 grows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	might	the swallowtail caterpillar	caterpillar's disguise					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disguise=Patient
2	grow	present	caterpillar					big property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A big bird dropping would look odd, so a fake snake face works better

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bird	det
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bird	amod
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 look	nsubj
4	dropping	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 bird	acl
5	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 look	aux
6	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	odd	odd	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 look	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 works	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	14 works	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 face	det
11	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 face	amod
12	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 face	compound
13	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 works	nsubj
14	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 look	parataxis
15	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 works	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	drop	gerund	a big bird not said here		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	look	would	a big bird	odd property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3	work	present	a fake snake face	well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It must match the flower it will eat next

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 match	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 match	aux
3	match	match	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 flower	det
5	flower	flower	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 match	obj
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 eat	nsubj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 eat	aux
8	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 match	parataxis
9	next	next	ADV	_	8 eat	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	match	must	It	the flower					vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Patient
2	eat	future	flower					next property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It gets bored of the old colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bored	nsubj:pass
2	gets	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 bored	aux:pass
3	bored	bore	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 colour	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 colour	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 colour	amod
7	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bored	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bore	present · passive		It				of the old colour	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Option 4

Big caterpillars no longer have enemies, so they don't need to hide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 caterpillars	amod
2	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
3	no	no	ADV	_	4 longer	advmod
4	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 have	advmod
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 need	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 need	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 need	nsubj
10	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 need	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 need	advmod
12	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 have	conj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 hide	mark
14	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 need	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	Big caterpillars	enemies	long property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient
2	not need	present · do-support	caterpillars = caterpillar			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	hide not said to happen	to-infinitive	caterpillars = caterpillar not said here			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/51-how-animals-hide/t10/