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Test 2 · How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry

Mate says that stripy thing on the flower is a wasp, run! It hovers dead still and has one pair of wings. What is it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mate, stripy thing, thing · What happens: say, be, run, hover, have · To what, where: wasp, one pair · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mate says that stripy thing on the flower is a wasp, run!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 wasp	mark
4	stripy	stripy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 thing	amod
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 wasp	nsubj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 flower	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 flower	det
8	flower	flower	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 thing	nmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 wasp	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 wasp	det
11	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 run	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 wasp	punct
13	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
14	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is a	present	stripy thing on the flower	a wasp					tree rules
3	run	infinitive							vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: It hovers dead still and has one pair of wings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hovers	nsubj
2	hovers	hover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 hovers	xcomp
4	still	still	ADV	_	2 hovers	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 has	cc
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hovers	conj
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 pair	nummod
8	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 wings	case
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pair	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hovers	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hover	present	thing				still	dead property	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	present	thing not said here	one pair of wings					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Patient

Sentence 3: What is it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 What	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	thing						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A bumblebee that has lost all of its fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bumblebee	det
2	bumblebee	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 lost	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 lost	aux
5	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bumblebee	acl:relcl
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 lost	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 fur	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 fur	nmod:poss
9	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 all	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect · passive		a bumblebee					tree rules

Option 2

A wasp with two of its wings tucked away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wasp	det
2	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	4 two	case
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 wasp	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 wings	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 wings	nmod:poss
7	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wasp	nmod
8	tucked	tuck	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 wings	acl
9	away	away	ADV	_	8 tucked	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tuck away	participle		wasp's wings not said here				away property	vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent

Option 3

A baby wasp that has not grown its sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 wasp	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wasp	compound
3	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 grown	nsubj
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 grown	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 grown	advmod
7	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 wasp	acl:relcl
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 sting	nmod:poss
9	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grown	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not grow	present · perfect	a baby wasp	wasp's sting					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sting=Theme
2	sting		wasp						nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A harmless hoverfly copying a wasp

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 hoverfly	det
2	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hoverfly	amod
3	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	copying	copy	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 hoverfly	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 wasp	det
6	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 copying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	gerund	a harmless hoverfly not said here	a wasp					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wasp=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/51-how-animals-hide/t2/