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Test 5 · How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry

A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green. What had happened?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: zoo, polar bears · What happens: find, turn, happen · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 zoo	det
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 found	nsubj
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 found	advmod
4	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 bears	nmod:poss
6	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bears	amod
7	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 turned	nsubj
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 turned	aux
9	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 found	ccomp
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bit	det
11	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 green	obl
12	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 turned	xcomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	a zoo					once property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	turn	past · perfect	zoo's polar bears					green property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What had happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happened	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happened	aux
3	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

The keepers had painted them green for a summer show

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 keepers	det
2	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 painted	nsubj
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 painted	aux
4	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 painted	obj
6	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 painted	xcomp
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 show	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 show	det
9	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 show	compound
10	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 painted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	past · perfect	the keepers	them = they				for a summer show; green property	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent they=Result for show=Beneficiary

Option 2

They had eaten too much spinach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eaten	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 eaten	aux
3	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 much	advmod
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 spinach	amod
6	spinach	spinach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eaten	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past · perfect	They	much spinach					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spinach=Patient

Option 3

Their skin had turned green with cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 skin	nmod:poss
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turned	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 turned	aux
4	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turned	xcomp
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 cold	case
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past · perfect · passive		Their skin				with cold; green property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Tiny algae had grown inside their hollow hairs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 algae	amod
2	algae	alga	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	nsubj
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	aux
4	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	inside	inside	ADP	_	8 hairs	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 hairs	nmod:poss
7	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hairs	amod
8	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past · perfect	Tiny algae			algae's hollow hairs			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside hair=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/51-how-animals-hide/t5/