Exam question 2 · How animals hunt

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of hunting within a lion pride?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: division · What happens: follow, characteris, hunt · To what, where: division

This is exam question 2 of lesson 52 «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 division	det
10	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 hunting	mark
12	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 division	acl
13	within	within	ADP	_	16 pride	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 pride	det
15	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 pride	compound
16	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 hunting	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the division	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	hunt	gerund	the division not said here		within a lion pride	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The lionesses undertake most of the hunting, often in cooperation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lionesses	det
2	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undertake	nsubj
3	undertake	undertake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 undertake	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 hunting	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hunting	det
7	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 most	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cooperation	punct
9	often	often	ADV	_	11 cooperation	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 cooperation	case
11	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertake	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present	the lionesses	most of the hunting		cooperation			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality

Option 2

Hunting is undertaken exclusively by the cubs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaken	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 undertaken	aux:pass
3	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 undertaken	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 cubs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cubs	det
7	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undertaken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · passive	the cubs	Hunting				exclusively property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality

Option 3

Lions procure food solely within dense jungle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 procure	nsubj
2	procure	procure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 procure	obj
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 procure	advmod
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 jungle	case
6	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 jungle	amod
7	jungle	jungle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 procure	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	procure	present	Lions	food				within dense jungle; solely property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The dominant male conducts all hunting unaccompanied, chiefly at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 male	det
2	dominant	dominant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 male	amod
3	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conducts	nsubj
4	conducts	conduct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	ADV	_	6 hunting	advmod
6	hunting	hunt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 conducts	advcl
7	unaccompanied	unaccompanied	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hunting	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 chiefly	punct
9	chiefly	chiefly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 unaccompanied	conj
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 night	case
11	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hunting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conduct	present	the dominant male						vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	hunt	gerund	the dominant male not said here				night	all, unaccompanied property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/e2/