Exam question 1 · Migration: the great journeys

Identify the principal reason for which barn swallows depart Europe in autumn.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, barn swallows · What happens: identify, depart · To what, where: principal reason, Europe

This is exam question 1 of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 depart	obl
7	barn	barn	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 swallows	compound
8	swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 depart	nsubj
9	depart	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 depart	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 autumn	case
12	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 depart	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	depart	present	barn swallows	Europe			autumn	for the principal reason	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme europe=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The scarcity of flying insects during the European winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 scarcity	det
2	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 insects	case
4	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 insects	amod
5	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 scarcity	nmod
6	during	during	ADP	_	9 winter	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 winter	det
8	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 winter	amod
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 insects	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The necessity of moulting exclusively in Africa, where food is plentiful

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 necessity	det
2	necessity	necessity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Africa	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 moulting	case
4	moulting	moulting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 necessity	nmod
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	7 Africa	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Africa	case
7	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 plentiful	punct
9	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 plentiful	advmod
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 plentiful	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 plentiful	cop
12	plentiful	plentiful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 Africa	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	food					plentiful property	tree rules

Option 3

The collapse of their nests in September

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 collapse	det
2	collapse	collapse	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 nests	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 nests	nmod:poss
5	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 collapse	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 September	case
7	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 nests	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collapse		their nests in September						nom collapse «state intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

An aversion to the colour of snow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 aversion	det
2	aversion	aversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 colour	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 colour	det
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 aversion	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 snow	case
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colour	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/e1/