Exam question 2 · Migration: the great journeys

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the migration of the arctic tern?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: arctic tern · What happens: follow, characteris, migrate · To what, where: migration

This is exam question 2 of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 migration	det
10	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 tern	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 tern	det
13	arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 tern	amod
14	tern	tern	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 migration	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the migration of the arctic tern	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	migrate		the arctic tern			nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is confined to the coasts of Britain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 coasts	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 coasts	det
6	coasts	coast	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Britain	case
8	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 coasts	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		It		the coasts of Britain			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to coast=Destination

Option 2

It occurs entirely within the tropics

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occurs	nsubj
2	occurs	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 occurs	advmod
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 tropics	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 tropics	det
6	tropics	tropic	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 occurs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	It					within the tropics; entirely property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is undertaken once in a lifetime, at the age of about thirty years

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 undertaken	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 undertaken	aux:pass
3	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 undertaken	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 lifetime	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 lifetime	det
7	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaken	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 age	punct
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 age	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 age	det
11	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaken	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 years	case
13	about	about	ADV	_	14 thirty	advmod
14	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 years	nummod
15	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 age	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · passive		It		a lifetime	at the age of thirty years	once property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is the longest yearly migration of any animal, from pole to pole

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 migration	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 migration	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 migration	det
4	longest	long	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 migration	amod
5	yearly	yearly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 migration	amod
6	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 animal	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 animal	det
9	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 migration	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 pole	punct
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 pole	case
12	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 migration	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 pole	case
14	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pole	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the longest yearly migration and pole to pole				of any animal	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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