Exam question 3 · Migration: the great journeys

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the navigation of the salmon to its natal river.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, navigate · To what, where: response, navigation, salmon

This is exam question 3 of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 navigation	det
11	navigation	navigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 salmon	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 salmon	det
14	salmon	salmon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 navigation	nmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	18 river	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 river	nmod:poss
17	natal	natal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 river	amod
18	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the navigation of the salmon	to salmon's natal river	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus navigation=Experiencer
4	navigate			the salmon		nom navigation «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is accomplished by observation of the stars beneath the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 accomplished	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 accomplished	aux:pass
3	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 observation	case
5	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 accomplished	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 stars	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stars	det
8	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 observation	nmod
9	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	11 water	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 water	det
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 accomplished	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accomplish	present · passive	observation of the stars	It				beneath the water	vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality
2	observe			the stars					nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It is guided by the wakes of passing vessels

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guided	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 guided	aux:pass
3	guided	guide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 wakes	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wakes	det
6	wakes	wake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 guided	advcl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 vessels	case
8	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 vessels	amod
9	vessels	vessel	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 wakes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	guide	present · passive	It		vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	wake	present		of passing vessels	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	pass	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is a matter of pure chance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 matter	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 matter	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 matter	det
4	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 chance	case
6	pure	pure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 chance	amod
7	chance	chance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 matter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a matter				of pure chance	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is accomplished principally by means of the sense of smell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 accomplished	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 accomplished	aux:pass
3	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 means	nsubj
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 accomplished	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 means	case
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 sense	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sense	det
9	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 smell	case
11	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	accomplish	present · passive	It	principally property	vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	mean	present		of the sense of smell	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	sense		smell		nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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