Exam question 4 · Migration: the great journeys
It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration unaccompanied. Ascertain the conclusion that follows.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: young cuckoo, cuckoo, you, conclusion · What happens: give, undertake, migrate, ascertain, follow · To what, where: It, first migration, conclusion
This is exam question 4 of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration unaccompanied.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 undertakes | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 cuckoo | det |
| 6 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cuckoo | amod |
| 7 | cuckoo | cuckoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 undertakes | nsubj |
| 8 | undertakes | undertake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 migration | nmod:poss |
| 10 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 11 migration | amod |
| 11 | migration | migration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 undertakes | obj |
| 12 | unaccompanied | unaccompanied | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 undertakes | xcomp |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | undertake | present | the young cuckoo | cuckoo's first migration | unaccompanied property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent migration=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | migrate | cuckoo | nom migration «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the conclusion that follows.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 conclusion | det |
| 3 | conclusion | conclusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 follows | nsubj |
| 5 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 conclusion | acl:relcl |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the conclusion | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic | ||||
| 2 | follow | present | the conclusion | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The route is taught by the foster parents
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 route | det |
| 2 | route | route | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 taught | aux:pass |
| 4 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 parents | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 parents | det |
| 7 | foster | foster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 parents | compound |
| 8 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taught | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | present · passive | the foster parents | the route | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
Option 2
The young cuckoo does not in fact migrate
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cuckoo | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cuckoo | amod |
| 3 | cuckoo | cuckoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 does | nsubj |
| 4 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 migrate | advmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 fact | case |
| 7 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 migrate | obl |
| 8 | migrate | migrate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 does | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present | the young cuckoo | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | not migrate | present | the young cuckoo not said here | fact | tree rules |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Knowledge of the route must be inborn
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 inborn | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 route | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 route | det |
| 4 | route | route | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Knowledge | nmod |
| 5 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 inborn | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 inborn | cop |
| 7 | inborn | inborn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | must | Knowledge of the route | inborn property | tree rules |
Option 4
The route is learned by following swallows
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 route | det |
| 2 | route | route | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 learned | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 learned | aux:pass |
| 4 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 6 following | mark |
| 6 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 learned | advcl |
| 7 | swallows | swallow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 following | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | present · passive | the route | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | swallows | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swallow=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/e4/