Test 2 · ★★ · Migration: the great journeys

Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over winter. Right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Grandad, swallows · What happens: say, hide · To what, where: mud · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hide	nsubj
4	hide	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 mud	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mud	det
7	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hide	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 bottom	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bottom	det
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hide	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 ponds	case
12	ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bottom	nmod
13	over	over	ADP	_	14 winter	case
14	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hide	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Grandad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	hide	present	swallows			the mud	winter	at the bottom of ponds	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mud=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, that old myth was cleared up by ringing: they fly to Africa

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 cleared	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 myth	det
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 myth	amod
5	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cleared	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 cleared	aux:pass
7	cleared	clear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 cleared	compound:prt
9	by	by	SCONJ	_	10 ringing	mark
10	ringing	ring	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 cleared	advcl
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 fly	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 fly	nsubj
13	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cleared	conj
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 Africa	case
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 fly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	clear up	past · passive		that old myth		vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source
2	ring	gerund				vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	fly	present	they		Africa	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result

Option 2

No, they sleep in barns all winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 sleep	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 sleep	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sleep	nsubj
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 barns	case
6	barns	barn	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sleep	obl
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 winter	det
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sleep	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	they			barns	winter		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in barn=Location

Option 3

Yes, but only the young ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 ones	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 ones	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 ones	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ones	det
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ones	amod
7	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Yes, they breathe through their feathers in the mud until spring comes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 breathe	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 breathe	nsubj
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 feathers	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 feathers	nmod:poss
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 breathe	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 mud	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mud	det
10	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breathe	obl
11	until	until	SCONJ	_	13 comes	mark
12	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 comes	nsubj
13	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 breathe	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	they			their feathers		in the mud	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	come	present	spring						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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