Exam question 1 · Sleep and hibernation

Identify the principal physiological change observed in the hedgehog during hibernation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, observe · To what, where: principal physiological change

This is exam question 1 of lesson 55 «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 change	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 change	amod
4	physiological	physiological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 change	amod
5	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
6	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 change	acl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 hedgehog	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hedgehog	det
9	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 observed	obl
10	during	during	ADP	_	11 hibernation	case
11	hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 observed	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal physiological change					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent change=Theme
2	observe	participle		the principal physiological change not said here			during hibernation	in the hedgehog	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

An increase in heart rate to generate heat against the cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 increase	det
2	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 rate	case
4	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rate	compound
5	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	nmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 generate	mark
7	generate	generate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 increase	acl
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 generate	obj
9	against	against	ADP	_	11 cold	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 cold	det
11	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 generate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	generate	to-infinitive		heat				against the cold	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient

Option 2

The growth of a thicker coat of spines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 growth	det
2	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 coat	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 coat	det
5	thicker	thick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 coat	amod
6	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 growth	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 spines	case
8	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 coat	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow		a thicker coat of spines						nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

A cessation of all cardiac activity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cessation	det
2	cessation	cessation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 activity	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 activity	det
5	cardiac	cardiac	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 activity	amod
6	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cessation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease			all cardiac activity					nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A marked reduction in heart rate and body temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 reduction	det
2	marked	mark	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reduction	amod
3	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 rate	case
5	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rate	compound
6	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reduction	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 temperature	cc
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 temperature	compound
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reduction	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mark	participle							vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/e1/