Exam question 2 · Sleep and hibernation

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the sleep of the dolphin?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dolphin · What happens: follow, characteris, sleep · To what, where: sleep

This is exam question 2 of lesson 55 «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sleep	det
10	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 dolphin	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dolphin	det
13	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sleep	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the sleep of the dolphin	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	sleep		the dolphin			nom sleep «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Both halves of the brain rest simultaneously upon the seabed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 halves	det
2	halves	half	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 rest	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 brain	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 brain	det
5	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 halves	nmod
6	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV	_	6 rest	advmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 seabed	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 seabed	det
10	seabed	seabed	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rest	infinitive	both halves of the brain			the seabed		simultaneously property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon seabed=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The dolphin does not sleep at any point

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dolphin	det
2	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sleep	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sleep	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 sleep	advmod
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 point	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 point	det
8	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sleep	present · do-support	the dolphin			any point			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The dolphin sleeps exclusively upon the shore

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dolphin	det
2	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sleeps	nsubj
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 sleeps	advmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 shore	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 shore	det
7	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sleeps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	the dolphin					upon the shore; exclusively property	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

One half of the brain rests while the other remains alert

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 half	nummod
2	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	6 rests	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 brain	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 brain	det
5	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 half	nmod
6	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	while	while	SCONJ	_	11 alert	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 remains	det
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 remains	amod
10	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	11 alert	nsubj
11	alert	alert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rests	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rest	present	One half of the brain						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	alert speech: other	present	the other remains						vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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