Exam question 2 · How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of the mass of a mature tree?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: origin

This is exam question 2 of lesson 56 «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 origin	det
10	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 mass	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 mass	det
13	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 origin	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 tree	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 tree	det
16	mature	mature	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 tree	amod
17	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mass	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the origin of the mass of a mature tree				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is derived principally from soil drawn up by the roots over many years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 derived	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 derived	aux:pass
3	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 derived	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 soil	case
6	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derived	obl
7	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 soil	acl
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 drawn	compound:prt
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 roots	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 roots	det
11	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 drawn	obl
12	over	over	ADP	_	14 years	case
13	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 years	amod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present · passive		It		soil	year	principally property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from soil=Material
2	draw up	participle		soil not said here				by the roots	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It derives chiefly from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	2 derives	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 dioxide	case
5	atmospheric	atmospheric	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dioxide	compound
6	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dioxide	compound
7	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 water	cc
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dioxide	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			atmospheric carbon dioxide and water		chiefly property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from dioxide=Material

Option 3

It is wholly contained within the original seed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 contained	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 contained	aux:pass
3	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	4 contained	advmod
4	contained	contain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	within	within	ADP	_	8 seed	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 seed	det
7	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 seed	amod
8	seed	seed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 contained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present · passive		It				within the original seed; wholly property	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

It is derived principally from rainfall alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 derived	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 derived	aux:pass
3	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 derived	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 rainfall	case
6	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derived	obl
7	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 derived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present · passive		It		rainfall		alone, principally property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from rainfall=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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