Exam question 2 · Seeds and fruit and how they travel

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a fruit as defined by botanists?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, define · To what, where: fruit

This is exam question 2 of lesson 59 «Seeds and fruit and how they travel» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fruit	det
10	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 defined	mark
12	defined	define	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 botanists	case
14	botanists	botanist	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 defined	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	a fruit	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	define	participle		by botanists	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Any part of a plant that tastes sweet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	2 part	det
2	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 plant	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plant	det
5	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 part	nmod
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 tastes	nsubj
7	tastes	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plant	acl:relcl
8	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tastes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	taste	present	a plant					sweet property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2

A leaf modified for storage of sugar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 leaf	det
2	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	modified	modify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 leaf	acl
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 storage	case
5	storage	storage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 modified	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 sugar	case
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 storage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	modify	participle		a leaf not said here				for storage of sugar	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	store			sugar					nom storage «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The structure developed from the flower and enclosing the seeds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 structure	det
2	structure	structure	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	developed	develop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 structure	acl
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 flower	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 flower	det
6	flower	flower	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 developed	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 enclosing	cc
8	enclosing	enclose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 developed	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 seeds	det
10	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 enclosing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	develop	participle		the structure not said here				from the flower	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from flower=Patient
2	enclose	gerund		the seeds					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme seed=Co-Theme

Option 4

Any edible part of a plant grown underground in the manner of the potato

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	3 part	det
2	edible	edible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 part	amod
3	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 plant	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 plant	det
6	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 part	nmod
7	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 plant	acl
8	underground	underground	ADV	_	7 grown	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 manner	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 manner	det
11	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grown	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 potato	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 potato	det
14	potato	potato	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 manner	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	participle		a plant not said here		the manner of the potato		underground property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in manner=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel/e2/