Test 11 · ★★★ · Trees

Why are so many rainforest animals good at climbing or flying?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: many rainforest animals · What happens: be, climb, fly

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 good	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 good	cop
3	so	so	ADV	_	7 good	advmod
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animals	amod
5	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 animals	compound
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 good	nsubj
7	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	at	at	SCONJ	_	9 climbing	mark
9	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 good	advcl
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 flying	cc
11	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 climbing	conj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 good	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	many rainforest animals	good property	tree rules
2	climb	gerund	many rainforest animals not said here		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	fly	gerund	many rainforest animals not said here		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are scared of the rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 scared	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scared	cop
3	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 rain	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rain	det
6	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 scared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					of the rain; scared property	tree rules

Option 2

The forest floor is covered in deep water all year, so nothing can walk there

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 floor	det
2	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 floor	compound
3	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 covered	aux:pass
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 water	amod
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	obl
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 year	det
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	obl:unmarked
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 walk	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	15 walk	advmod
13	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	15 walk	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 walk	aux
15	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 covered	conj
16	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 walk	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		the forest floor			year	in deep water	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in water=Theme
2	walk	can	nothing			there			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Climbing keeps them warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	obj
4	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund							vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	keep	present		them = they				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Most of the fruit, flowers and leaves are up in the canopy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 canopy	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 fruit	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fruit	det
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Most	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 flowers	punct
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fruit	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 leaves	cc
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fruit	conj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 canopy	cop
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 are	compound:prt
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 canopy	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 canopy	det
13	canopy	canopy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Most of the fruit and flowers and leaves			the canopy			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/60-trees/t11/