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Test 11 · ★ · Carnivorous and strange plants

A botanist says a Welwitschia in the Namib may be over 1,000 years old. What makes it so odd?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: botanist, Welwitschia · What happens: say, be, make · To what, where: Welwitschia · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 61 «Carnivorous and strange plants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A botanist says a Welwitschia in the Namib may be over 1,000 years old.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 botanist	det
2	botanist	botanist	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 Welwitschia	det
5	Welwitschia	Welwitschia	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 old	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 Namib	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Namib	det
8	Namib	Namib	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Welwitschia	nmod
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 old	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 old	cop
11	over	over	ADV	_	12 1,000	advmod
12	1,000	1000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 old	obl:unmarked
14	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a botanist						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	may	a Welwitschia in the Namib				year	old property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What makes it so odd?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	obj
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 odd	advmod
5	odd	odd	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	xcomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present		Welwitschia				odd property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material it=Product

The options

Option 1

It has never needed any water at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 needed	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 needed	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 needed	advmod
4	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 water	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needed	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 needed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · perfect · passive		It		all			tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It has grown a thousand new leaves every year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grown	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 grown	aux
3	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thousand	det
5	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 leaves	nummod
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 leaves	amod
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grown	obj
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 year	det
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grown	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present · perfect	It	thousand new leaves			year		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It has grown only the same two leaves all that time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grown	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 grown	aux
3	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 leaves	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 leaves	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 leaves	amod
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 leaves	nummod
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grown	obl
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 time	det:predet
10	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 time	det
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grown	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present · perfect	It	the same two leaves			time		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It has no leaves at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 leaves	det
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 leaves	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no leaves		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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