Exam question 4 · Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast
Ascertain the substance discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, discover · To what, where: substance, 1928
This is exam question 4 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 substance | det |
| 3 | substance | substance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | discovered | discover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 substance | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 Alexander | case |
| 6 | Alexander | Alexander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 discovered | obl:agent |
| 7 | Fleming | Fleming | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Alexander | flat |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 1928 | case |
| 9 | 1928 | 1928 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 discovered | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the substance | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Topic | ||||
| 2 | discover | participle | the substance not said here | 1928 | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Yeast, employed in baking
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yeast | yeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 employed | punct |
| 3 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Yeast | acl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 baking | case |
| 5 | baking | baking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 employed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | employ | participle | Yeast not said here | baking | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
A vaccine against smallpox
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 vaccine | det |
| 2 | vaccine | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | against | against | ADP | _ | 4 smallpox | case |
| 4 | smallpox | smallpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 vaccine | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Insulin, produced by the pancreas
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Insulin | insulin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 produced | compound |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Insulin | punct |
| 3 | produced | produce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 pancreas | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 pancreas | det |
| 6 | pancreas | pancreas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 produced | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | produce | participle | by the pancreas | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Penicillin, produced by a mould
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Penicillin | penicillin | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 produced | punct |
| 3 | produced | produce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Penicillin | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 mould | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 mould | det |
| 6 | mould | mould | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 produced | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | produce | participle | Penicillin not said here | by a mould | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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