Test 1 · Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast
My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves. Right?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: sister, mushrooms · What happens: say, be · To what, where: plants · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 sister | nmod:poss |
| 2 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 plants | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 plants | cop |
| 6 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 plants | advmod |
| 7 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 says | ccomp |
| 8 | without | without | ADP | _ | 9 leaves | case |
| 9 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 plants | nmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | My sister | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | mushrooms | plants | without leaves | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Right | right | INTJ | _ | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Right | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1
Yes, they are baby trees
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 trees | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 trees | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 trees | cop |
| 5 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 trees | compound |
| 6 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | they | baby trees | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
No, fungi are their own kingdom and can't make food from sunlight
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 7 kingdom | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | fungi | fungus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 kingdom | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 kingdom | cop |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 6 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 kingdom | amod |
| 7 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 make | cc |
| 9 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 make | aux |
| 10 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 make | advmod |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 kingdom | conj |
| 12 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 sunlight | case |
| 14 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | fungi | fungi's own kingdom | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not make | can | fungi not said here | food | sunlight | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
No, they are animals that stay still
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 animals | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 animals | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 animals | cop |
| 5 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 stay | nsubj |
| 7 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 animals | acl:relcl |
| 8 | still | still | ADV | _ | 7 stay | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | they | animals | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stay | present | animals | still | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Yes, they are plants that lost their leaves long ago and now grow in the dark
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 plants | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 plants | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 plants | cop |
| 5 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 lost | nsubj |
| 7 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 plants | acl:relcl |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 9 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lost | obj |
| 10 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 ago | advmod |
| 11 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 7 lost | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 grow | cc |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 grow | advmod |
| 14 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lost | conj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 dark | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 dark | det |
| 17 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 grow | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | they | plants | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lose | past | plants | plants's leaves | ago property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | grow | present | plants not said here | the dark | now | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/t1/