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Test 11 · Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast

A puffball the size of a football bursts. Why does it make so many spores?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: puffball · What happens: burst, make · To what, where: many spores

This is test 11 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A puffball the size of a football bursts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 puffball	det
2	puffball	puffball	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bursts	nsubj
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 size	det
4	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 puffball	appos
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 football	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 football	det
7	football	football	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 size	nmod
8	bursts	burst	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 bursts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burst	present	a puffball						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why does it make so many spores?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 make	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 make	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 make	nsubj
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 many	advmod
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 spores	amod
7	spores	spore	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · do-support	puffball	many spores					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material spore=Product

The options

Option 1

To make clouds and rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 rain	cc
5	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 clouds	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		clouds and rain					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product

Option 2

Every spore always grows into a new puffball

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 spore	det
2	spore	spore	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grows	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 grows	advmod
4	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	8 puffball	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 puffball	det
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 puffball	amod
8	puffball	puffball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	every spore					into a new puffball result; always property	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into puffball=Result

Option 3

To feed birds that eat dust

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 feed	mark
2	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feed	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 eat	nsubj
5	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 birds	acl:relcl
6	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	to-infinitive			birds				vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient
2	eat	present	birds	dust					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Most spores land in bad places, so only a few grow into new fungi

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 spores	amod
2	spores	spore	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 land	nsubj
3	land	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 places	case
5	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 places	amod
6	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 land	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 grow	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 grow	advmod
9	only	only	ADV	_	11 few	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 few	det
11	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 grow	nsubj
12	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 land	parataxis
13	into	into	ADP	_	15 fungi	case
14	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 fungi	amod
15	fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	present	Most spores			bad places			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in place=Destination
2	grow	present	a few					into new fungi result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into fungus=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/t11/