Exam question 2 · Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: vaccine · What happens: follow, characteris, act · To what, where: mode

This is exam question 2 of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mode	det
10	mode	mode	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 action	case
12	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mode	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 vaccine	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 vaccine	det
15	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 action	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the mode of action of a vaccine	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	act		a vaccine			nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It destroys all microorganisms within the body, both harmful and benign

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 destroys	nsubj
2	destroys	destroy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 microorganisms	det
4	microorganisms	microorganism	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 destroys	obj
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 harmful	punct
9	both	both	CCONJ	_	10 harmful	cc:preconj
10	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 destroys	parataxis
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 benign	cc
12	benign	benign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 harmful	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present	It	all microorganisms				within the body	vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument microorganism=Patient

Option 2

It raises the body's temperature permanently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 raises	nsubj
2	raises	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 body	det
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 temperature	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 body	case
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raises	obj
7	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	2 raises	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	present	It	the body's temperature				permanently property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It exposes the immune system to a harmless form or part of a pathogen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exposes	nsubj
2	exposes	expose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 system	det
4	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 system	compound
5	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exposes	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 form	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 form	det
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 form	amod
9	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exposes	obl
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 part	cc
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 form	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 pathogen	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 pathogen	det
14	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expose	present	It	the immune system	a harmless form or part of a pathogen				vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent system=Theme to form=Recipient

Option 4

It replaces the immune system entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 replaces	nsubj
2	replaces	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 system	det
4	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 system	compound
5	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 replaces	obj
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 replaces	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present	It	the immune system				entirely property	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme system=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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