Exam question 1 · Cells, bones and muscles

Identify the principal reason for which the skeleton of an infant comprises a greater number of bones than that of an adult.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, skeleton · What happens: identify, comprise · To what, where: principal reason, greater number

This is exam question 1 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 comprises	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 skeleton	det
8	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 comprises	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 infant	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 infant	det
11	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 skeleton	nmod
12	comprises	comprise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 number	det
14	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 number	amod
15	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 comprises	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 bones	case
17	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 number	nmod
18	than	than	ADP	_	19 that	case
19	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	17 bones	nmod
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 adult	case
21	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 adult	det
22	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 that	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	comprise	present	the skeleton of a infant	a greater number of bones than that				for the principal reason	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme number=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Certain bones fuse together in the course of growth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bones	compound
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fuse	nsubj
3	fuse	fuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	together	together	ADV	_	3 fuse	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 course	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 course	det
7	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fuse	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 growth	case
9	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fuse	present	Certain bones			the course of growth		together property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Infants possess additional temporary bones that are shed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	additional	additional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bones	amod
4	temporary	temporary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bones	amod
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 shed	nsubj:pass
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 shed	aux:pass
8	shed	shed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bones	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Infants	additional temporary bones					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme
2	shed	present · passive		additional temporary bones					vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source

Option 3

Adults lose bones through injury

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	nsubj
2	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	obj
4	through	through	ADP	_	5 injury	case
5	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lose	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	Adults	bones		injury			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Eventuality

Option 4

The bones of adults are absorbed into muscle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bones	det
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 absorbed	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 adults	case
4	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bones	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 absorbed	aux:pass
6	absorbed	absorb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 muscle	case
8	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 absorbed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present · passive		the bones of adults		muscle			vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/e1/