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Test 2 · Cells, bones and muscles

In a cartoon a skeleton walks around with no muscles at all. Why could a real one never move?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: skeleton, real one · What happens: walk around, not move · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 2 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a skeleton walks around with no muscles at all.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walks	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 skeleton	det
5	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walks	nsubj
6	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	around	around	ADV	_	6 walks	advmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 muscles	case
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 muscles	det
10	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 walks	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 muscles	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 walks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk around	present	a skeleton			a cartoon		with no muscles at all; around property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why could a real one never move?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 move	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 move	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 one	det
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 one	amod
5	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 move	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 move	advmod
7	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 move	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not move	could	a real one						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Bones can only move when muscles pull on them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 move	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 move	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 move	advmod
4	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 pull	advmod
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 pull	nsubj
7	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 move	advcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 pull	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	can	Bones						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	pull	present	muscles					on Bones = bone	vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on they=Theme

Option 2

Real skeletons are far too heavy to walk on their own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 skeletons	amod
2	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 heavy	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 heavy	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 heavy	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 heavy	advmod
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 walk	mark
8	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 heavy	advcl
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 own	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 own	nmod:poss
11	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 walk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Real skeletons					far, heavy property	tree rules
2	walk	to-infinitive	Real skeletons not said here			skeletons's own			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on own=Trajectory

Option 3

Real skeletons have too few bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 skeletons	amod
2	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 few	advmod
5	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bones	amod
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Real skeletons	few bones					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Option 4

Skeletons need batteries to walk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 need	nsubj
2	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 need	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 walk	mark
5	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 need	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Skeletons	batteries					tree rules
2	walk not said to happen	to-infinitive	batteries not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/t2/