Test 3 · Cells, bones and muscles

What would happen if your elbow were a ball-and-socket joint instead of a hinge?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: elbow · What happens: happen, be · To what, where: ball socket joint

This is test 3 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	14 joint	mark
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 elbow	nmod:poss
6	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 joint	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 joint	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 joint	det
9	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 joint	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 joint	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 joint	cc
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 and	punct
13	socket	socket	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 joint	compound
14	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happen	advcl
15	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	18 hinge	case
16	of	of	ADP	_	15 instead	fixed
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 hinge	det
18	hinge	hinge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happen	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would						instead a hinge	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a a condition, not said to happen	past	your elbow	a ball socket joint					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Your arm would be much shorter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 arm	nmod:poss
2	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shorter	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 shorter	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 shorter	cop
5	much	much	ADV	_	6 shorter	advmod
6	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	Your arm					short property	tree rules

Option 2

Nothing would change at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 change	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would	Nothing			all			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

You could not bend your arm at all, not even to eat your dinner

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 bend	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 bend	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 bend	advmod
4	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 arm	nmod:poss
6	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bend	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bend	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 eat	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 eat	advmod
11	even	even	ADV	_	13 eat	advmod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 eat	mark
13	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 bend	conj
14	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 dinner	nmod:poss
15	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not bend	could	You	your arm		all			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme at all=Location
2	not eat	to-infinitive	You not said here	your dinner					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Your forearm could swing in many directions instead of one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 forearm	nmod:poss
2	forearm	forearm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 swing	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 swing	aux
4	swing	swing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 directions	case
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 directions	amod
7	directions	direction	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swing	obl
8	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	10 one	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	8 instead	fixed
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 swing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swing	could	Your forearm					instead one; in many directions	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in direction=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/t3/