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Test 4 · Cells, bones and muscles

Ben says the triceps pushes his arm straight. Is he right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ben, triceps · What happens: say, push, be · To what, where: arm · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ben says the triceps pushes his arm straight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 triceps	det
4	triceps	triceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pushes	nsubj
5	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 arm	nmod:poss
7	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pushes	obj
8	straight	straight	ADV	_	5 pushes	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ben						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	push	present	the triceps	Ben's arm				straight property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is he right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ben					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

No, the biceps pushes it straight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 pushes	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 pushes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 biceps	det
4	biceps	biceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pushes	nsubj
5	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 pushes	obj
7	straight	straight	ADV	_	5 pushes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	the biceps	it				straight property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 2

Yes, all arm muscles push

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 push	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 muscles	det
4	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 muscles	compound
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 push	nsubj
6	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	all arm muscles						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Yes, the triceps is the only muscle in the whole body that pushes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 muscle	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 triceps	det
4	triceps	triceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 muscle	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 muscle	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 muscle	det
7	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 muscle	amod
8	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 body	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 body	det
11	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 body	amod
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 muscle	nmod
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 pushes	nsubj
14	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 body	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the triceps	the only muscle		the whole body			tree rules
2	push	present	the whole body						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, the triceps pulls to straighten it; muscles never push

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 pulls	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 triceps	det
4	triceps	triceps	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pulls	nsubj
5	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 straighten	mark
7	straighten	straighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 pulls	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 straighten	obj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 push	punct
10	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 push	nsubj
11	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 push	advmod
12	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pulls	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	the triceps						vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	straighten	to-infinitive	the triceps not said here	triceps					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
3	not push	present	muscles						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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