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Test 6 · Cells, bones and muscles

An astronaut grows a few centimetres taller in space. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: astronaut · What happens: grow

This is test 6 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An astronaut grows a few centimetres taller in space.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 astronaut	det
2	astronaut	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grows	nsubj
3	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 centimetres	det
5	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 centimetres	amod
6	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 taller	obl:unmarked
7	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 grows	xcomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 space	case
9	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 taller	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	a astronaut					tall property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

With no gravity squashing them, the discs in the spine stretch out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	3 gravity	case
2	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 gravity	det
3	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stretch	obl
4	squashing	squash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 gravity	acl
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 squashing	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 gravity	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 discs	det
8	discs	disc	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 stretch	nsubj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 spine	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 spine	det
11	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 discs	nmod
12	stretch	stretch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	out	out	ADP	_	12 stretch	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	squash	gerund	no gravity not said here	them = they					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
2	stretch out	infinitive	the discs in the spine					with no gravity	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with gravity=Instrument

Option 2

The rocket stretches people as it takes off at high speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rocket	det
2	rocket	rocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stretches	nsubj
3	stretches	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stretches	obj
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 takes	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 takes	nsubj
7	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stretches	advcl
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 takes	compound:prt
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 speed	case
10	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 speed	amod
11	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 takes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	present	the rocket	people					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent people=Patient
2	take off	present	it			high speed			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The cold of space makes bones longer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cold	det
2	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 space	case
4	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cold	nmod
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 makes	obj
7	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the cold of space	bones					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bone=Product

Option 4

Space food makes bones grow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 food	compound
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 makes	obj
5	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Space food	bones					tree rules
2	grow	infinitive	bones not said here						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/t6/