Exam question 2 · The heart and blood

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the colour of human blood within the veins?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: colour

This is exam question 2 of lesson 65 «The heart and blood» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 colour	det
10	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 blood	case
12	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 blood	amod
13	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 colour	nmod
14	within	within	ADP	_	16 veins	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 veins	det
16	veins	vein	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the colour of human blood				of the following statements; within the veins; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is colourless until oxygenated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 colourless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colourless	cop
3	colourless	colourless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	until	until	SCONJ	_	5 oxygenated	mark
5	oxygenated	oxygenate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 colourless	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					colourless property	tree rules
2	oxygenate	participle							vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It is blue until exposed to air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 blue	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 blue	cop
3	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	until	until	SCONJ	_	5 exposed	mark
5	exposed	expose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 blue	advcl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 air	case
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 exposed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					blue property	tree rules
2	expose	participle			air				vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to air=Recipient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is dark red, its apparent blueness arising from the optics of the skin

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 red	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 red	cop
3	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 red	amod
4	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 blueness	punct
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 blueness	nmod:poss
7	apparent	apparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 blueness	amod
8	blueness	blueness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 red	conj
9	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 blueness	acl
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 optics	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 optics	det
12	optics	optic	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 arising	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 skin	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 skin	det
15	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 optics	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					red property	tree rules
2	arise	gerund	its apparent blueness not said here			the optics of the skin			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It is green owing to its iron content

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 green	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 green	cop
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 green	advcl
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 content	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 content	nmod:poss
7	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 content	compound
8	content	content	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 owing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					green property	tree rules
2	owe	gerund						to its iron content goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to content=Goal

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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