Test 2 · ★★★ · The brain and nerves

In a cartoon the hero bumps his head and the brain inside rattles but nothing happens. Why do real people wear helmets?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: hero, brain, nothing, real people · What happens: bump, rattle, happen, wear · To what, where: head, cartoon, helmets

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 68 «The brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon the hero bumps his head and the brain inside rattles but nothing happens.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bumps	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hero	det
5	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bumps	nsubj
6	bumps	bump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 head	nmod:poss
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bumps	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 rattles	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 brain	det
11	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rattles	nsubj
12	inside	inside	ADV	_	11 brain	advmod
13	rattles	rattle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bumps	conj
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 happens	cc
15	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	16 happens	nsubj
16	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 rattles	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 bumps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	bump	present	the hero	hero's head	a cartoon	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient
2	rattle	present	the brain			vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	happen	present	nothing			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do real people wear helmets?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 real	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 real	aux
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 people	amod
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wear	nsubj
5	wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wear	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 wear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	present	real people	helmets					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme

The options

Option 1

Brains cannot be hurt by bumps, helmets are only for show

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hurt	nsubj:pass
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 hurt	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 hurt	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 hurt	aux:pass
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 bumps	case
7	bumps	bump	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hurt	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 show	punct
9	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 show	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 show	cop
11	only	only	ADV	_	13 show	advmod
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 show	case
13	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hurt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hurt	can · passive	bumps	Brains					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient
2	is	present	helmets					for show	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A hard knock can bang the brain against the skull and hurt it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 knock	det
2	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 knock	amod
3	knock	knock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bang	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 bang	aux
5	bang	bang	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 brain	det
7	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bang	obj
8	against	against	ADP	_	10 skull	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 skull	det
10	skull	skull	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bang	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 hurt	cc
12	hurt	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 bang	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 hurt	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bang	can	a hard knock	the brain		the skull			vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent brain=Theme against skull=Trajectory
2	hurt	infinitive	a hard knock not said here	brain					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient

Option 3

Helmets are really only for keeping warm in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 keeping	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 keeping	aux
3	really	really	ADV	_	6 keeping	advmod
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 keeping	advmod
5	for	for	SCONJ	_	6 keeping	mark
6	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 keeping	xcomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 winter	case
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 warm	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present · progressive	Helmets					warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Helmets help you think faster on the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 help	nsubj
2	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 help	obj
4	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 help	xcomp
5	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 think	advmod
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 road	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 road	det
8	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 think	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Helmets	you					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	think speech: other	infinitive	you not said here					on the road; fast property	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on road=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/68-the-brain-and-nerves/t2/