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Test 9 · ★★★ · The brain and nerves

An octopus at the aquarium opens a jar with its arms while its eyes look elsewhere. How can its arms be so clever?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: octopus, eyes, arms · What happens: open, look, be · To what, where: jar

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 68 «The brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An octopus at the aquarium opens a jar with its arms while its eyes look elsewhere.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 opens	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 aquarium	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 aquarium	det
5	aquarium	aquarium	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 octopus	nmod
6	opens	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 jar	det
8	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 opens	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 arms	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 arms	nmod:poss
11	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 jar	nmod
12	while	while	SCONJ	_	15 look	mark
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 eyes	nmod:poss
14	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 look	nsubj
15	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 opens	advcl
16	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	_	15 look	advmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 opens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	open	present	a octopus at the aquarium	a jar				with octopus's arms	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent jar=Patient with arm=Instrument
2	look	present	octopus's eyes					elsewhere property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How can its arms be so clever?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	7 clever	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 clever	aux
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 arms	nmod:poss
4	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 clever	nsubj
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 clever	cop
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 clever	advmod
7	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 clever	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	can	octopus's arms					clever property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

The octopus has tiny eyes on its arm tips

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 eyes	amod
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 tips	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 tips	nmod:poss
8	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tips	compound
9	tips	tip	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eyes	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the octopus	tiny eyes		octopus's arm tips			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Most of its nerve cells are in its arms, which can act partly on their own

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 arms	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 cells	case
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 cells	nmod:poss
4	nerve	nerve	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cells	compound
5	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Most	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 arms	cop
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 arms	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 arms	nmod:poss
9	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 act	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 act	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 act	aux
13	act	act	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 arms	acl:relcl
14	partly	partly	ADV	_	13 act	advmod
15	on	on	ADP	_	17 own	case
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 own	nmod:poss
17	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 act	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Most of its nerve cells			its arms			tree rules
2	act	can	its arms			arms's own		partly property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on own=Eventuality

Option 3

It is trained by a robot in the tank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trained	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trained	aux:pass
3	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 robot	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 robot	det
6	robot	robot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trained	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 tank	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tank	det
9	tank	tank	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	train	present · passive	a robot	It		the tank			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4

Each arm has a full second brain just like ours, so it has eight extra brains

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 arm	det
2	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 brain	det
5	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 brain	amod
6	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 brain	amod
7	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
8	just	just	ADV	_	10 ours	advmod
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 ours	case
10	ours	our	PRON	Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 brain	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 has	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	14 has	advmod
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 has	nsubj
14	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	conj
15	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 brains	nummod
16	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 brains	amod
17	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	each arm	a full second brain				like ours	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient
2	have	present	arm	eight extra brains					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/68-the-brain-and-nerves/t9/