Exam question 1 · Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distribution of polar bears and penguins?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, distribute · To what, where: distribution, polar bears

This is exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distribution	det
10	distribution	distribution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 bears	case
12	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 bears	amod
13	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 distribution	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 penguins	cc
15	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 bears	conj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the distribution of polar bears and penguins	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	distribute		polar bears and penguins		nom distribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Polar bears are confined to the Arctic, whereas penguins inhabit almost exclusively the southern hemisphere

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 confined	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 confined	aux:pass
4	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Arctic	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Arctic	det
7	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 confined	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 inhabit	punct
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 inhabit	mark
10	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 inhabit	nsubj
11	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 confined	conj
12	almost	almost	ADV	_	13 exclusively	advmod
13	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	11 inhabit	advmod
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 hemisphere	det
15	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 hemisphere	amod
16	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		Polar bears	the Arctic				vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to arctic=Destination
2	inhabit	present	penguins	the southern hemisphere				exclusively property	tree rules

Option 2

Polar bears and penguins inhabit the same regions of Antarctica

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 inhabit	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 penguins	cc
4	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bears	conj
5	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 regions	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 regions	amod
8	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 inhabit	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 Antarctica	case
10	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 regions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	Polar bears and penguins	the same regions of Antarctica					tree rules

Option 3

Both species are found principally at the equator

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 found	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 found	aux:pass
4	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	principally	principally	ADV	_	4 found	advmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 equator	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 equator	det
8	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present · passive		both species		the equator		principally property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at equator=Asset

Option 4

Penguins are confined to the Arctic, whereas polar bears inhabit Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 Arctic	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Arctic	det
6	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 confined	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 inhabit	punct
8	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 inhabit	mark
9	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bears	amod
10	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 inhabit	nsubj
11	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	conj
12	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 inhabit	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 islands	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 islands	det
15	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 Antarctica	conj
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 Ocean	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Ocean	det
18	Southern	Southern	PROPN	_	19 Ocean	flat
19	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 islands	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		Penguins	the Arctic				vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to arctic=Destination
2	inhabit	present	polar bears	Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/7-antarctica/e1/