Test 11 · ★★ · Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth

«penguin nicked a stone off its mate, cheeky sod» Why do Adelie penguins steal stones?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: penguin, Adelie penguins · What happens: nick, steal · To what, where: stone, stones · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 nicked	punct
2	penguin	penguin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nicked	nsubj
3	nicked	nick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 stone	det
5	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nicked	obj
6	off	off	ADP	_	8 mate	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 mate	nmod:poss
8	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nicked	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 sod	punct
10	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sod	amod
11	sod	sod	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mate	appos
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 sod	punct
13	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	17 steal	advmod
14	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 steal	aux
15	Adelie	adelie	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 penguins	compound
16	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 steal	nsubj
17	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 nicked	parataxis
18	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 steal	obj
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 nicked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	nick in a quote	past	penguin	a stone				off penguin's mate	tree rules
2	steal	present · do-support	Adelie penguins	stones					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location stone=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Good stones lift the eggs above meltwater and are hard to find

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stones	amod
2	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lift	nsubj
3	lift	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eggs	det
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lift	obj
6	above	above	ADP	_	7 meltwater	case
7	meltwater	meltwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lift	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 hard	cc
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hard	cop
10	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lift	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 find	mark
12	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 hard	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lift	present	Good stones	the eggs	meltwater		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme above meltwater=Destination
2	is	present	Good stones not said here			hard property	tree rules
3	find	to-infinitive	Good stones not said here				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They throw stones at seals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 throw	nsubj
2	throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 throw	obj
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 seals	case
5	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 throw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	present	They	stones		seals			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme at seal=Destination

Option 3

They like shiny things like magpies and hide them in their nests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 like	nsubj
2	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 things	amod
4	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 like	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 magpies	case
6	magpies	magpie	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 things	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 hide	cc
8	hide	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 like	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 hide	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 nests	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 nests	nmod:poss
12	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 hide	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	They	shiny things				like magpies	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme
2	hide	present	They not said here	things = thing		things's nests			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Patient in nest=Location

Option 4

They eat stones for breakfast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 breakfast	case
5	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	They	stones				for breakfast	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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