Exam question 2 · Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: vaccine · What happens: follow, characteris, act · To what, where: mode

This is exam question 2 of lesson 72 «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mode	det
10	mode	mode	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 action	case
12	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mode	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 vaccine	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 vaccine	det
15	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 action	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the mode of action of a vaccine	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	act		a vaccine			nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It forms an impermeable coating over the surface of the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 forms	nsubj
2	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 coating	det
4	impermeable	impermeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 coating	amod
5	coating	coating	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forms	obj
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 surface	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 surface	det
8	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forms	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 blood	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 blood	det
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	It	a impermeable coating		the surface of the blood			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coating=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It presents a harmless copy or portion of a germ, such that the immune system retains a memory of it

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 presents	nsubj
2	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 copy	det
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 copy	amod
5	copy	copy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 portion	cc
7	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 copy	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 germ	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 germ	det
10	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 portion	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 retains	punct
12	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	17 retains	mark
13	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 such	fixed
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 system	det
15	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 system	compound
16	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 retains	nsubj
17	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 copy	acl:relcl
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 memory	det
19	memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 retains	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 it	case
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 memory	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	It	a harmless copy or portion of a germ					vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme
2	retain	present	the immune system	a memory of memory					tree rules

Option 3

It induces the full disease in a brief and controlled form

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 induces	nsubj
2	induces	induce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 disease	det
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 disease	amod
5	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 induces	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 brief	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 brief	det
8	brief	brief	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 induces	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 form	cc
10	controlled	control	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 form	amod
11	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 brief	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	induce	present	It	the full disease		a brief and controlled form			vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Patient
2	control	participle							vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It eliminates all micro-organisms from the body for a period of ten years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eliminates	nsubj
2	eliminates	eliminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 micro-organisms	det
4	micro-organisms	micro-organism	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eliminates	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eliminates	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 period	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 period	det
10	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eliminates	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 years	case
12	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 period	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present	It	all micro-organisms		the body		for a period of ten years	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent micro-organism=Theme from body=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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