Exam question 4 · Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the observation made by Alexander Fleming in the year 1928.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, make · To what, where: response, observation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 72 «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 observation	det
11	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 observation	acl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 Alexander	case
14	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 made	obl:agent
15	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Alexander	flat
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 year	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 year	det
18	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	obl
19	1928	1928	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 year	flat
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the observation			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus observation=Experiencer
4	make	participle		the observation not said here	year		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The washing of hands had reduced deaths among mothers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 washing	det
2	washing	washing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reduced	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 hands	case
4	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 washing	nmod
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 reduced	aux
6	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 reduced	obj
8	among	among	ADP	_	9 mothers	case
9	mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 reduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	past · perfect · passive		the washing of hands				among mothers	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: subject=Patient death=Extent
2	wash			hands					nom washing «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A Penicillium mould had destroyed the bacteria around it upon a culture dish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 mould	det
2	Penicillium	penicillium	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mould	compound
3	mould	mould	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 destroyed	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 destroyed	aux
5	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bacteria	det
7	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 destroyed	obj
8	around	around	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bacteria	nmod
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 dish	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 dish	det
12	culture	culture	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dish	compound
13	dish	dish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 destroyed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	past · perfect	a Penicillium mould	the bacteria		bacteria		upon a culture dish	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Patient

Option 3

Citrus fruit had prevented scurvy among sailors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Citrus	citrus	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fruit	amod
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prevented	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 prevented	aux
4	prevented	prevent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prevented	obj
6	among	among	ADP	_	7 sailors	case
7	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prevented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	past · perfect · passive		Citrus fruit				among sailors	tree rules

Option 4

Cowpox had conferred protection against smallpox among those who milked cows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cowpox	cowpox	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 conferred	aux
3	conferred	confer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	obj
5	against	against	ADP	_	6 smallpox	case
6	smallpox	smallpox	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	obl
7	among	among	ADP	_	8 those	case
8	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	3 conferred	parataxis
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 milked	nsubj
10	milked	milk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 those	acl:relcl
11	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 milked	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	past · perfect · passive		Cowpox				against smallpox	tree rules
2	milk	past		cows					vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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