Test 1 · ★ · Evolution simply: why living things change over many gener…
In a game, a creature glows and «evolves» into a new form in one battle. What is wrong?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: creature · What happens: glow, evolve, be · To what, where: game, new form
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a game, a creature glows and «evolves» into a new form in one battle.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 game | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 game | det |
| 3 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 glows | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 game | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 creature | det |
| 6 | creature | creature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 glows | nsubj |
| 7 | glows | glow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 evolves | cc |
| 9 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 10 evolves | punct |
| 10 | evolves | evolve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 glows | conj |
| 11 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 10 evolves | punct |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 form | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 form | det |
| 14 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 form | amod |
| 15 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 evolves | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 battle | case |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 battle | nummod |
| 18 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 evolves | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 glows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | glow | present | a creature | a game | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in game=Location | ||||
| 2 | evolve in a quote | present | a creature not said here | a new form | in one battle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in battle=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wrong | cop |
| 3 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrong | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | wrong property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Only plants evolve, never animals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 2 plants | advmod |
| 2 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 evolve | nsubj |
| 3 | evolve | evolve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 animals | punct |
| 5 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 animals | advmod |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 evolve | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | evolve | present | plants | animals | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
It should take a whole week, not one battle
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 take | nsubj |
| 2 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 take | aux |
| 3 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 week | det |
| 5 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 week | amod |
| 6 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 take | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 battle | punct |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 battle | advmod |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 battle | nummod |
| 10 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 take | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | should | It | one battle | week | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
Nothing, real animals can change into a new form when they win a fight
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 6 change | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 animals | amod |
| 4 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 change | nsubj |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 change | aux |
| 6 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 form | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 form | det |
| 9 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 form | amod |
| 10 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 change | obl |
| 11 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 win | advmod |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 win | nsubj |
| 13 | win | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 change | advcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 fight | det |
| 15 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 win | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | can | Nothing | into a new form result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into form=Result | ||||
| 2 | win | present | animals = animal | a fight | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Evolution happens to whole populations over many generations
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Evolution | evolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 happens | nsubj |
| 2 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 populations | case |
| 4 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 populations | amod |
| 5 | populations | population | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 happens | obl |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 8 generations | case |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 generations | amod |
| 8 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 happens | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present | Evolution | over many generations | to whole populations | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over generation=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t1/