Exam question 1 · Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dimensions and integument of Velociraptor?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: dimensions

This is exam question 1 of lesson 75 «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dimensions	det
10	dimensions	dimension	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 integument	cc
12	integument	integument	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dimensions	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Velociraptor	case
14	Velociraptor	Velociraptor	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 integument	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the dimensions and integument of Velociraptor				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was approximately the size of a mouse and covered in fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 size	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 size	cop
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	5 size	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 mouse	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mouse	det
8	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 size	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 covered	cc
10	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 size	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 fur	case
12	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	the size				of a mouse; approximately property	tree rules
2	cover	participle						in fur	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in fur=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It was approximately the size of a turkey and was covered in feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 size	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 size	cop
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	5 size	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 turkey	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 turkey	det
8	turkey	turkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 size	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 covered	cc
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 covered	aux:pass
11	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 size	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 feathers	case
13	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	the size				of a turkey; approximately property	tree rules
2	cover	past · passive						in feathers	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: in feather=Theme

Option 3

It was approximately the size of a horse and was covered in thick scales

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 size	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 size	cop
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	5 size	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 horse	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 horse	det
8	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 size	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 covered	cc
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 covered	aux:pass
11	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 size	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 scales	case
13	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 scales	amod
14	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	the size				of a horse; approximately property	tree rules
2	cover	past · passive						in thick scales	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: in scale=Theme

Option 4

It was approximately the size of a bus and covered in plates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 size	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 size	cop
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	5 size	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 bus	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bus	det
8	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 size	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 covered	cc
10	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 size	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 plates	case
12	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	the size				of a bus; approximately property	tree rules
2	cover	participle						in plates	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in plate=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/e1/