Test 2 · Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived

«T. rex had tiny arms coz it was weak, lol» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: T. rex, rex · What happens: have, be · To what, where: tiny arms · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 75 «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 had	punct
2	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 rex	compound
3	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 arms	amod
6	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj
7	coz	because	SCONJ	_	10 weak	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 weak	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 weak	cop
10	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 had	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 weak	punct
12	lol	lol	INTJ	_	10 weak	discourse
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 weak	punct
14	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 right	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 right	cop
16	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 weak	parataxis
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have in a quote	past	T. rex	tiny arms		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
2	is in a quote	past	rex		weak property	tree rules
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, T. rex had long arms for climbing trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 had	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	nsubj
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 arms	amod
7	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 had	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 trees	case
9	climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 trees	amod
10	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	T. rex	long arms				for climbing trees	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
2	climb	gerund							vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Yes, T. rex was too weak to hunt anything and only ate dead animals

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 weak	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 weak	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 weak	cop
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 weak	advmod
7	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 hunt	mark
9	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 weak	advcl
10	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 hunt	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 ate	cc
12	only	only	ADV	_	13 ate	advmod
13	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 weak	conj
14	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animals	amod
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	T. rex		weak property	tree rules
2	hunt	to-infinitive	T. rex not said here	anything		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme
3	eat	past	T. rex not said here	dead animals		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its arms were short but strong; its huge jaws did the hunting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 arms	nmod:poss
2	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 short	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 strong	cc
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 short	conj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 did	punct
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 jaws	nmod:poss
9	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 jaws	amod
10	jaws	jaw	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 did	nsubj
11	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 short	parataxis
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 hunting	det
13	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 did	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	Its arms		short property	tree rules
2	be		Its arms not said here			tree rules
3	do	past	its huge jaws	the hunting		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunting=Eventuality

Option 4

Yes, T. rex arms could not even lift a pencil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	9 lift	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 arms	compound
5	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lift	nsubj
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 lift	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 lift	advmod
8	even	even	ADV	_	9 lift	advmod
9	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pencil	det
11	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lift	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not lift	could	rex arms	a pencil					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/t2/