Test 3 · Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived

«pterodactyls are flying dinosaurs innit» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: pterodactyls, flying · What happens: fly, be · To what, where: dinosaurs innit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 75 «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 flying	punct
2	pterodactyls	pterodactyl	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 flying	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 flying	aux
4	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 right	csubj
5	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 innit	compound
6	innit	innit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 flying	obj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 flying	punct
8	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 flying	obj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 right	cop
10	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly in a quote	present · progressive	pterodactyls	dinosaurs innit					vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent innit=Theme what=Destination
2	is	present	flying					right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, and they were the first birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 birds	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 birds	cc
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 birds	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 birds	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 birds	det
7	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 birds	amod
8	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	they	the first birds					tree rules

Option 2

No, they were giant bats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 bats	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 bats	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 bats	cop
5	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bats	amod
6	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	they	giant bats					tree rules

Option 3

Yes, every flying reptile was a dinosaur, and pterosaurs were the biggest ones

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 dinosaur	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 reptile	det
4	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 reptile	amod
5	reptile	reptile	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dinosaur	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 dinosaur	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 dinosaur	det
8	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 ones	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 ones	cc
11	pterosaurs	pterosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 ones	nsubj
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 ones	cop
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ones	det
14	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 ones	amod
15	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 dinosaur	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	fly	gerund			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	past	every flying reptile	a dinosaur and the biggest ones	tree rules
3	is a	past	pterosaurs	the biggest ones	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Pterosaurs were flying reptiles, not dinosaurs; birds are the flying dinosaurs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pterosaurs	pterosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reptiles	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reptiles	cop
3	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 reptiles	amod
4	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 dinosaurs	punct
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 dinosaurs	advmod
7	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reptiles	conj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 dinosaurs	punct
9	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 dinosaurs	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 dinosaurs	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dinosaurs	det
12	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 dinosaurs	amod
13	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reptiles	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	fly	gerund			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	past	Pterosaurs	flying reptiles and dinosaurs and the flying dinosaurs	tree rules
3	fly	gerund			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is a	present	birds	the flying dinosaurs	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/t3/