Test 9 · ★★ · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

«why would a dino that can't fly have feathers, that's dumb» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dino, that · What happens: not fly, have, be · To what, where: feathers · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 have	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 have	advmod
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 have	aux
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dino	det
5	dino	dino	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 have	nsubj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 fly	nsubj
7	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 fly	aux
8	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 fly	advmod
9	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 dino	acl:relcl
10	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 dumb	punct
13	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 dumb	nsubj
14	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 dumb	cop
15	dumb	dumb	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 have	parataxis
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 dumb	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 right	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 right	cop
19	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 dumb	parataxis
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not fly in a quote	can	a dino			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have in a quote	would	a dino	feathers		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
3	is in a quote	present	that		dumb property	tree rules
4	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Feathers first helped with warmth and display, and later with flying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 helped	nsubj
2	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 helped	advmod
3	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 warmth	case
5	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helped	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 display	cc
7	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 warmth	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 later	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 later	cc
10	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 helped	advmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 flying	case
12	flying	flying	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	past	Feathers					with warmth and display; with flying; first, late property	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with warmth=Theme

Option 2

Feathers grew only on dinosaur babies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 babies	advmod
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 babies	case
5	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 babies	compound
6	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grew	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	Feathers	dinosaur babies					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location baby=Theme

Option 3

Only flying dinosaurs had feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 flying	advmod
2	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 dinosaurs	amod
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	past	flying dinosaurs	feathers					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Feathers are useless without flying, so they must all have flown

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 useless	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 useless	cop
3	useless	useless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	without	without	SCONJ	_	5 flying	mark
5	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 useless	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 flown	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	12 flown	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 flown	nsubj:pass
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 flown	aux
10	all	all	ADV	_	12 flown	advmod
11	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 flown	aux
12	flown	fly	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 useless	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Feathers		useless property	tree rules
2	fly	gerund	Feathers not said here			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	fly	must · perfect · passive		Feathers = feather	all property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/t9/