Test 11 · ★ · Endangered animals and extinction

Why are animals on islands often in more danger than those on big continents?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: animals · What happens: be · To what, where: more danger

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 77 «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	9 danger	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 danger	cop
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 danger	nsubj
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 islands	case
5	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 animals	nmod
6	often	often	ADV	_	9 danger	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 danger	case
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 danger	amod
9	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	than	than	ADP	_	11 those	case
11	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 danger	nmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 continents	case
13	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 continents	amod
14	continents	continent	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 those	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 danger	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	animals on islands			more danger		than those; often property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Island animals are slower thinkers than animals on the big continents and cannot learn

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 animals	compound
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thinkers	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 thinkers	cop
4	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 thinkers	amod
5	thinkers	thinker	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 animals	case
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thinkers	nmod
8	on	on	ADP	_	11 continents	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 continents	det
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 continents	amod
11	continents	continent	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 animals	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 learn	cc
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 learn	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 learn	advmod
15	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 thinkers	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Island animals	slower thinkers				than animals on the big continents	tree rules
2	not learn	can	Island animals not said here						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Islands sink into the sea every year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sink	nsubj
2	sink	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 sea	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sea	det
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sink	obl
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 year	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sink	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	present	Islands			the sea	year		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Islands are always too hot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hot	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hot	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 hot	advmod
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 hot	advmod
5	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Islands					always, hot property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They live in a small area and often have no defence against new animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 live	nsubj
2	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 area	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 area	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 area	amod
6	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 live	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 have	cc
8	often	often	ADV	_	9 have	advmod
9	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 live	conj
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 defence	det
11	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 have	obj
12	against	against	ADP	_	14 animals	case
13	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 animals	amod
14	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 defence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	They			a small area			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in area=Location
2	have	present	They not said here	no defence				against new animals; often property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/t11/