Exam question 3 · The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the anatomy of the octopus.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, anatomy

This is exam question 3 of lesson 8 «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 anatomy	det
11	anatomy	anatomy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 octopus	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 octopus	det
14	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 anatomy	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the anatomy of the octopus		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus anatomy=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The octopus possesses two hearts and a shell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 hearts	nummod
5	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 shell	cc
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 shell	det
8	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hearts	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the octopus	two hearts and a shell					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heart=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The octopus possesses three hearts, eight arms and blue blood, and lacks any bone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 hearts	nummod
5	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 arms	punct
7	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 arms	nummod
8	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hearts	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 blood	cc
10	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 blood	amod
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hearts	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 lacks	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 lacks	cc
14	lacks	lack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possesses	conj
15	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	16 bone	det
16	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lacks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the octopus	three hearts and eight arms and blue blood					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heart=Theme
2	lack	present	the octopus not said here	any bone					tree rules

Option 3

The octopus possesses a single heart and a skeleton of bone, by which its eight arms are supported

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 heart	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 heart	amod
6	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 skeleton	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 skeleton	det
9	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heart	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 bone	case
11	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skeleton	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 supported	punct
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 which	case
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 supported	obl
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 arms	nmod:poss
16	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 arms	nummod
17	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 supported	nsubj:pass
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 supported	aux:pass
19	supported	support	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 possesses	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the octopus	a single heart and a skeleton of bone					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heart=Theme
2	support	present · passive		octopus's eight arms					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

Option 4

The octopus possesses ten arms and red blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 octopus	det
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 arms	nummod
5	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 blood	cc
7	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 blood	amod
8	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 arms	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the octopus	ten arms and red blood					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot arm=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/8-the-ocean/e3/