Exam question 2 · Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles,…

Identify the principal reason for which the raccoon is observed to immerse its food in water.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, observe, immerse · To what, where: principal reason, raccoon, food, water

This is exam question 2 of lesson 80 «Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 observed	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 raccoon	det
8	raccoon	raccoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 observed	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 observed	aux:pass
10	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 immerse	mark
12	immerse	immerse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 observed	xcomp
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 food	nmod:poss
14	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 immerse	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 water	case
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 immerse	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	observe	present · passive		the raccoon		for the principal reason	tree rules
3	immerse	to-infinitive		raccoon's food	water		vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent food=Theme in water=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The raccoon thereby removes dirt in the manner of a human being

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 raccoon	det
2	raccoon	raccoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 removes	nsubj
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	4 removes	advmod
4	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 removes	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 manner	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 manner	det
8	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 removes	obl
9	of	of	SCONJ	_	11 human	mark
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 human	det
11	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 manner	acl
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 human	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	the raccoon	dirt		the manner		thereby property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirt=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The raccoon thereby cools food of an excessive temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 raccoon	det
2	raccoon	raccoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cools	nsubj
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	4 cools	advmod
4	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cools	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 temperature	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 temperature	det
8	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 temperature	amod
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 food	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present	the raccoon	food of a excessive temperature				thereby property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Option 3

The raccoon thereby drowns living prey before consumption

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 raccoon	det
2	raccoon	raccoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drowns	nsubj
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	4 drowns	advmod
4	drowns	drown	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 prey	amod
6	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drowns	obj
7	before	before	ADP	_	8 consumption	case
8	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drowns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	present	the raccoon	living prey			before consumption	thereby property	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient
2	live	gerund							vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Moistened forepaws appear to give a keener sense of touch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Moistened	moisten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 forepaws	amod
2	forepaws	forepaw	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 appear	nsubj
3	appear	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 give	mark
5	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 appear	xcomp
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 sense	det
7	keener	keen	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 sense	amod
8	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 give	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 touch	case
10	touch	touch	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	moisten	participle			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	appear	present	Moistened forepaws		vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
3	give	to-infinitive	Moistened forepaws not said here	a keener sense of touch	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sense=Theme
4	sense			touch	nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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