Exam question 3 · Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles,…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the American robin?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: American robin

This is exam question 3 of lesson 80 «Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 robin	det
10	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 robin	amod
11	robin	robin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the American robin				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is identical in species to the European robin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 identical	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 identical	cop
3	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 species	case
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 identical	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 robin	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 robin	det
8	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 robin	amod
9	robin	robin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 identical	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			species		to the European robin; identical property	tree rules

Option 2

It is a bird of prey with a reddish breast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bird	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bird	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bird	det
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 prey	case
6	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bird	nmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 breast	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 breast	det
9	reddish	reddish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 breast	amod
10	breast	breast	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bird	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a bird				of prey; with a reddish breast	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is a thrush, larger than the European robin, to which it owes its name

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 thrush	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 thrush	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 thrush	det
4	thrush	thrush	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 larger	punct
6	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 thrush	amod
7	than	than	ADP	_	10 robin	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 robin	det
9	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 robin	amod
10	robin	robin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 larger	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 owes	punct
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 which	case
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 owes	obl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 owes	nsubj
15	owes	owe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 thrush	parataxis
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 name	nmod:poss
17	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 owes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a thrush		tree rules
2	owe	present	robin	robin's name	a thrush	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent name=Theme to which=Goal
3	name		robin			nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

It is a parrot native to Canada

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 native	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 native	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 parrot	det
4	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 native	nsubj
5	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 Canada	case
7	Canada	Canada	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 native	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		Canada			native property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/80-animals-of-north-america-and-britain/e3/