Exam question 4 · Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles,…

Ascertain the relationship between the monarch butterflies that depart southward and those that return to Mexico in the following autumn.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, monarch butterflies · What happens: ascertain, depart, return, follow · To what, where: relationship, monarch butterflies, Mexico

This is exam question 4 of lesson 80 «Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 relationship	det
3	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	between	between	ADP	_	7 butterflies	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 butterflies	det
6	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 butterflies	compound
7	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 relationship	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 depart	nsubj
9	depart	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 butterflies	acl:relcl
10	southward	southward	ADV	_	9 depart	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 those	cc
12	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 depart	obl
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 return	nsubj
14	return	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 those	acl:relcl
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 Mexico	case
16	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 return	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 autumn	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 autumn	det
19	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 autumn	amod
20	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 return	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the relationship			between the monarch butterflies	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relationship=Topic
2	depart	present	the monarch butterflies	the monarch butterflies			southward property	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	return	present			Mexico	autumn		vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to mexico=Result
4	follow	gerund						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No butterflies return to Mexico in the following autumn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 butterflies	det
2	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 return	nsubj
3	return	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Mexico	case
5	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 return	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 autumn	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 autumn	det
8	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 autumn	amod
9	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 return	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	return	present	no butterflies		Mexico		autumn		vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to mexico=Result
2	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The returning butterflies are the very same individuals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 butterflies	det
2	returning	returning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 butterflies	compound
3	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 individuals	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 individuals	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 individuals	det
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 same	advmod
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 individuals	amod
8	individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the returning butterflies	the same individuals					tree rules

Option 3

The returning butterflies are of a different species

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 butterflies	det
2	returning	returning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 butterflies	compound
3	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 species	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 species	cop
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 species	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 species	det
7	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 species	amod
8	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the returning butterflies					of a different species	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The returning butterflies are descendants of the departing ones, several generations on

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 butterflies	det
2	returning	returning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 butterflies	compound
3	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 descendants	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 descendants	cop
5	descendants	descendant	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 ones	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ones	det
8	departing	departing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ones	compound
9	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 descendants	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 generations	punct
11	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 generations	amod
12	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 descendants	conj
13	on	on	ADP	_	12 generations	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the returning butterflies	descendants and several generations				of the departing ones	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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