Exam question 3 · The big cats house: lions and tigers up close

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of labour within a wild lion pride?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: division

This is exam question 3 of lesson 81 «The big cats house: lions and tigers up close» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 division	det
10	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 labour	case
12	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 division	nmod
13	within	within	ADP	_	17 pride	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 pride	det
15	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 pride	amod
16	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 pride	compound
17	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the division of labour				of the following statements; within a wild lion pride; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Hunting is undertaken solely by the cubs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaken	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 undertaken	aux:pass
3	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 undertaken	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 cubs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cubs	det
7	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undertaken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · passive	the cubs	Hunting				solely property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The male conducts all hunting whilst the lionesses remain with the cubs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 male	det
2	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conducts	nsubj
3	conducts	conduct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 hunting	det
5	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conducts	obj
6	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	9 remain	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lionesses	det
8	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 remain	nsubj
9	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 conducts	advcl
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 cubs	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cubs	det
12	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 remain	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conduct	present	the male	all hunting					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunting=Theme
2	remain	present	the lionesses					with the cubs	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Each member hunts exclusively for itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 member	det
2	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	nsubj
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 hunts	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 itself	case
6	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 hunts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	each member					for member; exclusively property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for itself=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The lionesses conduct most hunting; the male defends the territory

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lionesses	det
2	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 conduct	nsubj
3	conduct	conduct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 hunting	advmod
5	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conduct	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 defends	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 male	det
8	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 defends	nsubj
9	defends	defend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 conduct	parataxis
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 territory	det
11	territory	territory	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 defends	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conduct	present	the lionesses	hunting					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunting=Theme
2	defend	present	the male	the territory					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers/e3/