Exam question 1 · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

Identify the principal threat to the survival of wild orangutans.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, survive · To what, where: principal threat, wild orangutans

This is exam question 1 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 threat	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 threat	amod
4	threat	threat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 survival	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 survival	det
7	survival	survival	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 threat	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 orangutans	case
9	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 orangutans	amod
10	orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 survival	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal threat				to the survival of wild orangutans	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent threat=Theme to survival=be'
2	survive			wild orangutans					nom survival «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The clearance of their forests, largely for palm oil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clearance	det
2	clearance	clearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 forests	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 forests	nmod:poss
5	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 clearance	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 oil	punct
7	largely	largely	ADV	_	10 oil	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 oil	case
9	palm	palm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 oil	compound
10	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forests	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The consumption of excessive quantities of fruit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 consumption	det
2	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 quantities	case
4	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 quantities	amod
5	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consumption	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 fruit	case
7	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 quantities	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume			excessive quantities of fruit					nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The coldness of the winters on Sumatra

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 coldness	det
2	coldness	coldness	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 winters	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 winters	det
5	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 coldness	nmod
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 Sumatra	case
7	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 winters	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Predation by lions upon the island of Borneo

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Predation	predation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	3 lions	case
3	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Predation	nmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 island	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 island	det
6	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Predation	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Borneo	case
8	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 island	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	predate		lions					upon the island of Borneo	nom predation «act transitive»: by=agent upon=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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