Exam question 2 · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of bonobo groups?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, conduct · To what, where: conduct, bonobo groups

This is exam question 2 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 conduct	det
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 groups	case
12	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 groups	compound
13	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 conduct	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the conduct of bonobo groups	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	conduct		bonobo groups		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They resolve disputes exclusively by vocal duets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 resolve	nsubj
2	resolve	resolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	disputes	dispute	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 resolve	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 resolve	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 duets	case
6	vocal	vocal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 duets	amod
7	duets	duet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 resolve	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resolve	present	They	disputes				by vocal duets; exclusively property	tree rules

Option 2

They are led by a single dominant male who resolves disputes by combat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 led	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 led	aux:pass
3	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	8 male	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 male	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 male	amod
7	dominant	dominant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 male	amod
8	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 led	obl
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 resolves	nsubj
10	resolves	resolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 male	acl:relcl
11	disputes	dispute	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 resolves	obj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 combat	case
13	combat	combat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 resolves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	a single dominant male	They					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	resolve	present	a single dominant male	disputes				by combat	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are led by females and resolve disputes through hugging and grooming

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 led	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 led	aux:pass
3	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 females	case
5	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 led	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 resolve	cc
7	resolve	resolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 led	conj
8	disputes	dispute	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 resolve	obj
9	through	through	SCONJ	_	10 hugging	mark
10	hugging	hug	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 resolve	advcl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 grooming	cc
12	grooming	groom	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 hugging	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	females	They	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	resolve	present	females not said here	disputes	tree rules
3	hug	gerund	females not said here		vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	groom	gerund	females not said here		vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Each bonobo lives in solitude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 bonobo	det
2	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	nsubj
3	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 solitude	case
5	solitude	solitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	each bonobo			solitude			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in solitude=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/e2/